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Hindu law, as a historical term, refers to the code of laws applied to Hindus, Buddhists, Jains and Sikhs in British India. [1] [2] [3] Hindu law, in modern scholarship, also refers to the legal theory, jurisprudence and philosophical reflections on the nature of law discovered in ancient and medieval era Indian texts. [4]
While there may be a permanence of certain fundamental beliefs about the nature of life that is pervasive through Hinduism, Hindus as a group are highly non-homogenous.As Derrett says in his book on Hindu law, "We find the Hindus to be as diverse in race, psychology, habitat, employment and way of life as any collection of human beings that might be gathered from the ends of the earth."
The Constitution of India is the longest written constitution for a country, containing 395 articles, 12 schedules, 105 amendments and 117,369 words.. Law in India primarily evolved from customary practices and religious prescriptions in the Indian subcontinent, to the modern well-codified acts and laws based on a constitution in the Republic of India.
Thus, the common source of classical Hindu law was the community and, therefore, laws on a whole were highly decentralized and diverse. [3] These laws were dictated by various corporate groups such as merchant leaders, heads of caste, and kings, and because of the diverse leadership, these laws were particular to a set place. [ 4 ]
The Hindu woman's limited estate is abolished by the Act. Any property possessed by a Hindu female is to be held by her as absolute property and she is given full power to deal with it and dispose it of by will as she likes. Some parts of this Act were amended in December 2004 by the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005. [2]
Other scholars have expressed the same view, based on epigraphical, archaeological and textual evidence from medieval Hindu kingdoms in Gujarat, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, while acknowledging that Manusmriti was influential to the South Asian history of law and was a theoretical resource.
Anglo-Hindu law reflected the difference in values between "law" in Western tradition and colonial Hindu tradition. [1] It was not until the 1770s, when the British Empire came to colonize India, that the concept of law came into practice. [2] Colonial Hindu law marks a long span of nearly 200 years, beginning in 1772 and ending in 1947. This ...
Thus, Hindu jurisprudence portrayed the household, not the state, as the primary institution of law. [3] Connectedly, the household is the institution to which Hindu law is most applied. For example, the texts are most explicit in reference to quotidian household acts such as eating, bathing, creating a family, etc.