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  2. Water flow test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_flow_test

    From this test hydrant, a static pressure and a residual pressure will be measured. The other hydrant, known as the flow hydrant, is usually the nearest hydrant away from the test hydrant. The flow hydrant is fitted with a diffuser device containing a pitot tube that measures stagnation pressure in the middle of the stream while the hydrant is ...

  3. Hydraulic calculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_calculation

    The water available is often determined by means of a water flow test, in which one or more fire hydrants are opened and the water pressures and flowrate are measured. Some municipal water jurisdictions may provide an estimate of available water supplies based on hydraulic models.

  4. Hydraulic head - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_head

    In fluid dynamics, head is a concept that relates the energy in an incompressible fluid to the height of an equivalent static column of that fluid. From Bernoulli's principle, the total energy at a given point in a fluid is the kinetic energy associated with the speed of flow of the fluid, plus energy from static pressure in the fluid, plus energy from the height of the fluid relative to an ...

  5. Net positive suction head - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_positive_suction_head

    In a hydraulic circuit, net positive suction head (NPSH) may refer to one of two quantities in the analysis of cavitation: The Available NPSH (NPSH A): a measure of how close the fluid at a given point is to flashing, and so to cavitation. Technically it is the absolute pressure head minus the vapour pressure of the liquid.

  6. Reduced pressure zone device - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device

    Reduced pressure zone device connected to a fire hydrant. A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination.

  7. Fire hydrant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_hydrant

    The user (most likely a fire department) attaches a hose to the fire hydrant, then opens a valve on the hydrant to provide a powerful flow of water, on the order of 350 kilopascals (51 psi); this pressure varies according to region and depends on various factors (including the size and location of the attached water main).

  8. San Francisco Fire Department Auxiliary Water Supply System

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Fire...

    The system is made up of a collection of water reservoirs, pump stations, cisterns, suction connections and fireboats. While the system can use both fresh or salt water, it is preferential to not use salt water, as it commonly causes galvanic corrosion in fire equipment. [2] Blue-topped AWSS fire hydrant in the Mission district of San Francisco.

  9. Fire sprinkler - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire_sprinkler

    A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded. Fire sprinklers are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year.

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