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  2. Ligand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand

    Some ligands can bond to a metal center through the same atom but with a different number of lone pairs. The bond order of the metal ligand bond can be in part distinguished through the metal ligand bond angle (M−X−R). This bond angle is often referred to as being linear or bent with further discussion concerning the degree to which the ...

  3. Ligand field theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_field_theory

    The greater stabilization that results from metal-to-ligand bonding is caused by the donation of negative charge away from the metal ion, towards the ligands. This allows the metal to accept the σ bonds more easily. The combination of ligand-to-metal σ-bonding and metal-to-ligand π-bonding is a synergic effect, as each enhances the other.

  4. Metal–ligand multiple bond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalligand_multiple_bond

    Metal oxo intermediates are pervasive in oxidation catalysis. Most common classes of complexes showing metal–ligand multiple bonds. As a cautionary note, the classification of a metal–ligand bond as being "multiple" bond order is ambiguous and even arbitrary because bond order is a formalism. Furthermore, the usage of multiple bonding is ...

  5. Cyclopentadienyl complex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopentadienyl_complex

    All 5 carbon atoms of a Cp ligand are bound to the metal in the vast majority of M–Cp complexes. This bonding mode is called η 5-coordination. The M–Cp bonding arises from overlap of the five π molecular orbitals of the Cp ligand with the s, p, and d orbitals on the metal. These complexes are referred to as π-complexes.

  6. Covalent bond classification method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalent_bond...

    When given a metal complex and the trends for the ligand types, the complex can be written in a more simplified manner with the form [ML l X x Z z] Q±. The subscripts represent the numbers of each ligand type present in that complex, M is the metal center, and Q is the overall charge on the complex. Some examples of this overall notation are ...

  7. Bridging ligand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridging_ligand

    In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. [1] The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to ...

  8. Z-Ligand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-Ligand

    In covalent bond classification, a Z-type ligand refers to a ligand that accepts two electrons from the metal center. [1] This is in contrast to X-type ligands, which form a bond with the ligand and metal center each donating one electron, and L-type ligands, which form a bond with the ligand donating two electrons.

  9. Ligand (biochemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligand_(biochemistry)

    Measurably irreversible covalent bonding between a ligand and target molecule is atypical in biological systems. In contrast to the definition of ligand in metalorganic and inorganic chemistry, in biochemistry it is ambiguous whether the ligand generally binds at a metal site, as is the case in hemoglobin. In general, the interpretation of ...

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