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An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification , and location addressing .
Used for link-local addresses [5] between two hosts on a single link when no IP address is otherwise specified, such as would have normally been retrieved from a DHCP server 172.16.0.0/12 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 1 048 576: Private network Used for local communications within a private network [3] 192.0.0.0/24 192.0.0.0–192.0.0.255 256
How private is my IP address? It depends. The operators of any website that you visit can see it. If you are not logged into Wikipedia, your IP address is publicly recorded with every edit that you make. If you are logged in, your IP address is hidden from all but a very small number of trusted administrators. In some cases, it is possible that ...
This means that 256 /8 address blocks fit into the entire IPv4 space. As IPv4 address exhaustion has advanced to its final stages, some organizations, such as Stanford University, formerly using 36.0.0.0 / 8, have returned their allocated blocks (in this case to APNIC) to assist in the delay of the exhaustion date.
Transmission is handled similarly; established sockets may be used to transmit IPv4 or IPv6 datagram, based on the binding to an IPv6 address, or an IPv4-mapped address.::ffff:0:0:0 / 96 — A prefix used for IPv4-translated addresses. These are used by the Stateless IP/ICMP Translation (SIIT) protocol. [40] 64:ff9b:: / 96 — The well-known ...
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, Common Address Redundancy Protocol (not IANA assigned) RFC 5798: 0x71 113 PGM PGM Reliable Transport Protocol: RFC 3208: 0x72 114 Any 0-hop protocol 0x73 115 L2TP Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3: RFC 3931: 0x74 116 DDX D-II Data Exchange (DDX) 0x75 117 IATP Interactive Agent Transfer Protocol: 0x76 118 STP
During the development of the first version of the Internet Protocol in the 1970s, the initial experimental versions 1 to 3 were not standardized. The first working version that was widely deployed was assigned version number 4. [10] A separate protocol based on reliable connections was developed and assigned version 5.
The header contains information about IP version, source IP address, destination IP address, time-to-live, etc. The payload of an IP packet is typically a datagram or segment of the higher-level transport layer protocol, but may be data for an internet layer (e.g., ICMP or ICMPv6 ) or link layer (e.g., OSPF ) instead.