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Pope Alexander VII (Italian: Alessandro VII; 13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death, in May 1667. [1] [2] He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and he held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See.
The Episcopal Church shares this view. "As distinct from the cardinal virtues which we can develop, the theological virtues are the perfection of human powers given by the grace of God." [11] Like the cardinal virtues, an individual who exercises these virtues strengthens and increases them, i.e., they are more disposed to practice them. [16]
The term "cardinal virtues" (virtutes cardinales) was first used by the 4th-century theologian Ambrose, [1] who defined the four virtues as "temperance, justice, prudence, and fortitude". [2] These were also named as cardinal virtues by Augustine of Hippo , and were subsequently adopted by the Catholic Church .
The cardinal virtues are four virtues of mind and character in classical philosophy. They are prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. They form a virtue theory of ethics. The term cardinal comes from the Latin cardo (hinge); [1] these four virtues are called "cardinal" because all other virtues fall under them and hinge upon them. [2]
The papal diary first mentions the monument as early as August 9, 1656. [7] After his death, the project was directed and paid for by Alexander's nephew, Cardinal Flavio Chigi. [8] Under Pope Clement IX, the tomb was originally to be placed in the choir of Santa Maria Maggiore. After Clement's death, the idea was abandoned and the location ...
XII Apostoli (received the title on 15 March 1666), then cardinal-priest of S. Crisogono (1 December 1681), cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Trastevere (13 November 1684), cardinal-bishop of Sabina (28 February 1689), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina (8 August 1691), cardinal-bishop of Porto e S. Rufina (27 January 1698), † 29 June 1698
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The official style of the Catholic pope in English is "His Holiness Pope [papal name]". 'Holy Father' is another honorific often used for popes. The full title, rarely used, of the Catholic pope in English is: "His Holiness [papal name], Bishop of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy, Archbishop and ...