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The organic movement began in the early 1900s in response to the shift towards synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and pesticides in the early days of industrial agriculture.A relatively small group of farmers came together in various associations: Demeter International of Germany, which encouraged biodynamic farming and began the first certification program, the Australian Organic Farming and ...
The term "organic farming" was coined by Walter James (Lord Northbourne), a student of Biodynamic Agriculture, in his book Look to the Land (written in 1939, published 1940). [ 10 ] [ 11 ] In this text, James described a holistic, ecologically balanced approach to farming, "the farm as organism," [ 12 ] basing this on Steiner's agricultural ...
Proponents of organic farming have claimed that organic agriculture emphasizes closed nutrient cycles, biodiversity, and effective soil management providing the capacity to mitigate and even reverse the effects of climate change [164] and that organic agriculture can decrease fossil fuel emissions. [165] "The carbon sequestration efficiency of ...
With the advent of chemical agriculture, Rudolf Steiner called for farming without synthetic pesticides, and his Agriculture Course of 1924 laid the foundation for biodynamic agriculture. [192] Lord Northbourne developed these ideas and presented his manifesto of organic farming in 1940. This became a worldwide movement, and organic farming is ...
Rudolf Steiner, occultist philosopher and founder of "anthroposophic agriculture", later known as "biodynamic".. Biodynamics was the first modern organic agriculture. [2] [3] [12] Its development began in 1924 with a series of eight lectures on agriculture given by philosopher Rudolf Steiner at Schloss Koberwitz in Silesia, Germany (now Kobierzyce in Poland).
The Living Soil (1943) by Lady Eve Balfour is considered a seminal classic in organic agriculture and the organic movement. [1] The book is based on the initial findings of the first three years of the Haughley Experiment , the first formal, side-by-side farm trial to compare organic and chemical-based farming, started in 1939 by Balfour (with ...
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The effort for the first transition to a completely organic farming nation was further challenged by effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. [129] [130] Bhutan. In 2013 the government of Bhutan announced that the country will become the first in the world with 100% organic farming [131] and started a program for