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In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Hirschberg test, also Hirschberg corneal reflex test, is a screening test that can be used to assess whether a person has strabismus (ocular misalignment). A photographic version of the Hirschberg test is used to quantify strabismus. [1]
The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
The BSGT is used for patients with strabismus to test for suppression, normal retinal correspondence or abnormal retinal correspondence, [2] particularly in cases of manifest strabismus. [3] The Bagolini Striated Glasses Test is the test most likely to allow the demonstration of fusion in patients who fuse intermittently.
In the fields of optometry and ophthalmology, the Lancaster red-green test is a binocular, dissociative, subjective cover test that measures strabismus in the nine diagnostic positions of gaze. The test is named after Walter Brackett Lancaster, who introduced it in 1939.
Strabismus may be classified as unilateral if the one eye consistently deviates, or alternating if either of the eyes can be seen to deviate. Alternation of the strabismus may occur spontaneously, with or without subjective awareness of the alternation. Alternation may also be triggered by various tests during an eye exam.
The cover test should be considered prior to testing VA patients with strabismus, for occlusion during testing may dissociate an unstable ocular deviation. In the case of intermittent or latent deviations, for dissociative complications leading to misdiagnosis, it is also advised that binocular vision is tested prior, along with stereo testing.
Strabismus can occur due to problems with the muscles and nerves that control the eyes, as a side effect of an eye injury or other medical condition, or as a complication from significant far ...
The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1]