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Strabismus is an eye disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. [2] The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. [ 3 ] The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. [ 3 ]
Stereopsis was first explained by Charles Wheatstone in 1838: "… the mind perceives an object of three dimensions by means of the two dissimilar pictures projected by it on the two retinæ …". [ 34 ] He recognized that because each eye views the visual world from slightly different horizontal positions, each eye's image differs from the other.
Astigmatism is when the refractive power of the eye is not uniform across the surface of the cornea because of asymmetry. In other words, the eye focuses light more strongly in one direction than another, leading to distortion of the image.
Against-the-rule astigmatism – the horizontal meridian is steepest (a rugby ball or American football standing on its end). [17] Oblique astigmatism – the steepest curve lies in between 120 and 150 degrees and 30 and 60 degrees. [17] Irregular astigmatism – principal meridians are not perpendicular.
In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin ...
Strabismus can occur due to problems with the muscles and nerves that control the eyes, as a side effect of an eye injury or other medical condition, or as a complication from significant far ...
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Astigmatism can be often corrected by glasses with a lens that has different radii of curvature in different planes (a cylindrical lens), contact lenses, or refractive surgery. [5] Astigmatism is quite common. Studies have shown that about one in three people suffers from it. [6] [7] [8] The prevalence of astigmatism increases with age. [9]