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Additionally, other abbreviations have been used to refer to countries which had limited access to the EU labour market. [19] A8 is eight of the ten countries that joined the EU in 2004, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. A2 is the countries that joined the EU in 2007, Bulgaria and ...
The United Kingdom left the EU on 31 January 2020, and did not nominate a commissioner when the Juncker Commission ended on 1 December 2019. Below is a list of all past and present European Commissioners according to the member state they were nominated by, including the Presidents of the European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic ...
Lists of member states of the European Union provide different types of information about each of the states in the European Union. They include lists about politics, demographics and economics. They include lists about politics, demographics and economics.
The eurozone (constituted by the EU member states which have adopted the euro) has since grown to 20 countries. [183] [184] The 20 EU member states known collectively as the eurozone have fully implemented the currency union by superseding their national currencies with the euro. The currency union represents 345 million EU citizens. [185]
The European Commission (EC) is the primary executive arm of the European Union (EU). It operates as a cabinet government , with a number of members of the Commission ( directorial system , informally known as "Commissioners") corresponding to two thirds of the number of Member States, unless the European Council , acting unanimously, decides ...
Time as member Elections Next election Share of population [a] [4] Notes European Union: President of the European Council António Costa: S&D – PS: 1 December 2024: 8 years, 154 days [b] 2024 2027 — Non-voting member European Union: President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen: EPP – CDU: 1 December 2019: 5 years, 26 days ...
There are three types of government systems in European politics: in a presidential system, the president is the head of state and the head of government; in a semi-presidential system, the president and the prime minister share a number of competences; finally, in a parliamentary republic, the president is a ceremonial figurehead who has few political competences.
(% of EU) Germany: 83,445,000 ... List of European Union member states by area; List of European countries by population; Notes