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  2. Cogito, ergo sum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogito,_ergo_sum

    The Latin cogito, ergo sum, usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am", [a] is the "first principle" of René Descartes's philosophy. He originally published it in French as je pense , donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method , so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. [ 1 ]

  3. Socrates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates

    Socrates (/ ˈ s ɒ k r ə t iː z /, [2] Ancient Greek: Σωκράτης, romanized: Sōkrátēs; c. 470 – 399 BC) was a Greek philosopher from Athens who is credited as the founder of Western philosophy [3] and as among the first moral philosophers of the ethical tradition of thought.

  4. Lists of philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_philosophers

    List of Afghan philosophers; List of American philosophers. List of Jewish American philosophers; List of Armenian philosophers; List of Basque philosophers

  5. List of ancient Greek philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ancient_Greek...

    Ancient Greek philosophy began in Miletus with the pre-Socratic philosopher Thales [1] [2] and lasted through Late Antiquity. Some of the most famous and influential philosophers of all time were from the ancient Greek world, including Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. ↵Abbreviations used in this list: c. = circa; fl. = flourished

  6. René Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes

    René Descartes (/ d eɪ ˈ k ɑːr t / day-KART or UK: / ˈ d eɪ k ɑːr t / DAY-kart; French: [ʁəne dekaʁt] ⓘ; [note 3] [11] 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) [12] [13]: 58 was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.

  7. Philosophes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophes

    The philosophes (French for 'philosophers') were the intellectuals of the 18th-century European Enlightenment. [1] Few were primarily philosophers; rather, philosophes were public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.

  8. Seven Sages of Greece - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Sages_of_Greece

    The Seven Sages (Latin: Septem Sapientes), depicted in the Nuremberg ChronicleThe list of the seven sages given in Plato's Protagoras comprises: [1]. Thales of Miletus (c. 624 BCE – c. 546 BCE) is the first well-known Greek philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer.

  9. Timeline of Western philosophers - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Western...

    Major contributions in nearly every field of philosophy, especially metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786). Member of the Jewish Enlightenment. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–1781). Edmund Burke (1729–1797). Conservative political philosopher. Johann Georg Hamann (1730–1788). Cesare Beccaria ...