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Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system, and joints of humans. It causes the infection of the host cell by sticking to the host cell using trimeric autotransporter adhesins.
Moraxella is a genus of gram-negative bacteria in the family Moraxellaceae. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax . The organisms are short rods , coccobacilli , or as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis , diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase -positive, and catalase -positive properties. [ 2 ]
Neisseria cinerea has been formerly classified as many other organisms, including Moraxella catarrhalis and Neisseria pseudocatarrhalis. It is often mistaken for N. gonorrhoeae with which it shares morphological and biochemical traits.
Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Bordetella pertussis, and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common. These bacteria often live in the gut and enter the lungs when contents of the gut (such as vomit or faeces) are inhaled.
An indole butyrate disc is used to differentiate between Neisseria gonorrhoeae (negative result) and Moraxella catarrhalis (positive result). This test involves a butyrate disk, which when smeared with a culture, will change color for a positive result after 5 minutes of incubation. A blue color is the result of a positive test. [29]
Dozens of rabbits found dead with missing eyes and ears had a “dangerous” and “highly contagious” form of hepatitis, according to the RSPCA.. At least 100 rabbits were mysteriously ...
Examples of gram-negative diplococci are Neisseria spp. and Moraxella catarrhalis. Examples of gram-positive diplococci are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. [10] [11] Presumably, diplococcus has been implicated in encephalitis lethargica. [12] The genus Neisseria belongs to the family Neisseriaceae.
"Atypical pneumonia" is atypical in that it is caused by atypical organisms (other than Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis). [20] These atypical organisms include special bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.