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The Mesozoic Era [3] is the era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods.It is characterized by the dominance of gymnosperms such as cycads, ginkgoaceae and araucarian conifers, and of archosaurian reptiles such as the dinosaurs; a hot greenhouse climate; and the tectonic break-up of Pangaea.
The Messinian is in the geologic timescale the last age or uppermost stage of the Miocene.It spans the time between 7.246 ± 0.005 Ma and 5.333 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago).
Permian period, end of Paleozoic era beginning of Mesozoic era, Triassic period (252–201 Ma) Cycads, seed ferns. First therapsids. Oxygen in atmosphere peaks, around 30%. [33] Gorgonopsians and other therapsids (forerunners of mammals) displace pelycosaurs as dominant land animals. First gorgonopsia, apex predators of the Late Permian.
c. 251.9 Ma ± 0.024 Ma – Mesozoic era and Triassic Period begin. Mesozoic Marine Revolution begins. c. 245 Ma – First ichthyosaurs. c. 240 Ma – Cynodonts and rhynchosaurs diversify. c. 225 Ma – First dinosaurs and teleosti evolve. c. 220 Ma – First crocodilians and flies. c. 215 Ma – First turtles.
An era is the second largest geochronologic time unit and is equivalent to a chronostratigraphic erathem. [ 14 ] [ 13 ] There are ten defined eras: the Eoarchean , Paleoarchean , Mesoarchean , Neoarchean , Paleoproterozoic , Mesoproterozoic , Neoproterozoic , Paleozoic , Mesozoic and Cenozoic , with none from the Hadean eon.
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The Mesoproterozoic Era [4] is a geologic era that occurred from . The Mesoproterozoic was the first era of Earth's history for which a fairly definitive geological record survives. Continents existed during the preceding era (the Paleoproterozoic), but little is known about them. The continental masses of the Mesoproterozoic were more or less ...
The Maastrichtian (/ m ɑː ˈ s t r ɪ k t i ə n / mahss-TRIK-tee-ən) is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from .