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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Lauric acid: 298.9 44 –3.9 Acetic acid: 1.04 117.9 3.14 16.6 –3.90 K b [1] K f [2] Acetone: 0.78 56.2 1.67 –94.8 K b [3] Benzene: 0.87 80.1 2.65 5.5 –5.12 K b & K f [2] Bromobenzene: 1.49 156.0 6.26 –30.6 Camphor: 204.0 5.95 179 –40 K f [2] Carbon disulfide: 1.29 46.2 2.34 –111.5 –3.83 Carbon tetrachloride: 1.58 76.8 4.88 –22. ...
At a pH of about 4, such as obtained by the addition of strong acids like hydrochloric acid, the amount of undissociated (nonionized) HOCl is highest. The reaction can be written as: − OCl + H + ⇌ HOCl. Sodium hypochlorite solutions combined with acid evolve chlorine gas, particularly strongly at pH < 2, by the reactions:
Antimony trichloride solution in hydrochloric acid. SbCl 3 is readily hydrolysed and samples of SbCl 3 must be protected from moisture. With a limited amount of water it forms antimony oxychloride releasing hydrogen chloride: SbCl 3 + H 2 O → SbOCl + 2 HCl. With more water it forms Sb 4 O 5 Cl 2 which on heating to 460° under argon converts ...
Borax is also easily converted to boric acid and other borates, which have many applications. Its reaction with hydrochloric acid to form boric acid is: Na 2 B 4 O 7 ·10H 2 O + 2 HCl → 4 H 3 BO 3 + 2 NaCl + 5 H 2 O. Borax is sufficiently stable to find use as a primary standard for acid-base titrimetry. [17]: p.316
MCPA (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) is a widely used phenoxy herbicide introduced in 1945. It selectively controls broad-leaf weeds in pasture and cereal crops . The mode of action of MCPA is as an auxin , which are growth hormones that naturally exist in plants.
The chloride from the hydrochloric acid in sodium chloride does not hydrolyze, though, so sodium chloride is not basic. The difference between a basic salt and an alkali is that an alkali is the soluble hydroxide compound of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Tantalum is inert against most acids except hydrofluoric acid and hot sulfuric acid, and hot alkaline solutions also cause tantalum to corrode. This property makes it a useful metal for chemical reaction vessels and pipes for corrosive liquids. Heat exchanging coils for the steam heating of hydrochloric acid are made from tantalum. [66]
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