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Historical fallacy – believing that certain results occurred only because a specific process was performed, though said process may actually be unrelated to the results. [35] Baconian fallacy – supposing that historians can obtain the "whole truth" via induction from individual pieces of historical evidence. The "whole truth" is defined as ...
The classification of informal fallacies may be subdivided into categories such as linguistic, relevance through omission, relevance through intrusion, and relevance through presumption. [16] Alternatively, fallacies may be classified by the process by which they occur, such as material fallacies (content), verbal fallacies (linguistic), and ...
Fallacies of relevance involve premises that are not relevant to the conclusion despite appearances otherwise. [12] [8] They may succeed in persuading the audience nonetheless due to being emotionally loaded (for example: by playing on prejudice, pity or fear). [26] Ad hominem arguments constitute an important class among the fallacies of ...
Aristotle's advice in S.E. 27 for resolving fallacies of Begging the Question is brief. If one realizes that one is being asked to concede the original point, one should refuse to do so, even if the point being asked is a reputable belief.
This category is for irrelevant conclusion fallacies, ones which make a point or conclusion which is logically irrelevant to the argument at hand. Deliberate examples of these fallacies qualify as red herrings.
Fear is an effective tool to change attitudes, [5] [unreliable source?] which are moderated by the motivation and ability to process the fear message. Examples of fear appeal include reference to social exclusion , and getting laid-off from one's job, [ 6 ] getting cancer from smoking or involvement in car accidents and driving.
Relevance is the connection between topics that makes one useful for dealing with the other. Relevance is studied in many different fields, including cognitive science, logic, and library and information science. Epistemology studies it in general, and different theories of knowledge have different implications for what is considered relevant.
Poisoning the well (or attempting to poison the well) is a type of informal fallacy where adverse information about a target is preemptively presented to an audience, with the intention of discrediting or ridiculing something that the target person is about to say.