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To convert integer decimals to octal, divide the original number by the largest possible power of 8 and divide the remainders by successively smaller powers of 8 until the power is 1. The octal representation is formed by the quotients, written in the order generated by the algorithm. For example, to convert 125 10 to octal: 125 = 8 2 × 1 + 61
Each of these number systems is a positional system, but while decimal weights are powers of 10, the octal weights are powers of 8 and the hexadecimal weights are powers of 16. To convert from hexadecimal or octal to decimal, for each digit one multiplies the value of the digit by the value of its position and then adds the results. For example:
For example, you might use a prefix of 0x when converting to hex, or a suffix of <sub>8</sub> when converting to octal. From templates In wikimarkup, this module may be called with a function name n to m , e.g.:
In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
Binary is also easily converted to the octal numeral system, since octal uses a radix of 8, which is a power of two (namely, 2 3, so it takes exactly three binary digits to represent an octal digit). The correspondence between octal and binary numerals is the same as for the first eight digits of hexadecimal in the table above. Binary 000 is ...
Some strings in DEC's 16-bit systems were encoded as 8-bit bytes, while others used RADIX 50 (then also called MOD40). [3] [8]In RADIX 50, strings were encoded in successive words as needed, with the first character within each word located in the most significant position.
For example, the hexadecimal representation of the 24 bits above is 4D616E. The octal representation is 23260556. Those 8 octal digits can be split into pairs (23 26 05 56), and each pair is converted to decimal to yield 19 22 05 46. Using those four decimal numbers as indices for the Base64 alphabet, the corresponding ASCII characters are TWFu.
The od program can display output in a variety of formats, including octal, hexadecimal, decimal, and ASCII.It is useful for visualizing data that is not in a human-readable format, like the executable code of a program, or where the primary form is ambiguous (e.g. some Latin, Greek and Cyrillic characters looking similar).