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In philosophy, Plato's epistemology is a theory of knowledge developed by the Greek philosopher Plato and his followers. Platonic epistemology holds that knowledge of Platonic Ideas is innate, so that learning is the development of ideas buried deep in the soul, often under the midwife-like guidance of an interrogator.
Aristotle's immanent realism means his epistemology is based on the study of things that exist or happen in the world, and rises to knowledge of the universal, whereas for Plato epistemology begins with knowledge of universal Forms (or ideas) and descends to knowledge of particular imitations of these. [52]
Plato had postulated that we know Forms through a remembrance of the soul's past lives and Aristotle's arguments against this treatment of epistemology are compelling. For Plato, particulars somehow do not exist, and, on the face of it, "that which is non-existent cannot be known". [ 35 ]
Plato Roman copy of a portrait bust c. 370 BC Born 428/427 or 424/423 BC Athens Died 348 BC (aged c. 75–80) Athens Notable work Euthyphro Apology Crito Phaedo Meno Protagoras Gorgias Symposium Phaedrus Parmenides Theaetetus Republic Timaeus Laws Era Ancient Greek philosophy School Platonic Academy Notable students Aristotle Main interests Epistemology, Metaphysics Political philosophy ...
Aristotle is often portrayed as disagreeing with his teacher Plato (e.g., in Raphael's School of Athens). He criticizes the regimes described in Plato's Republic and Laws, [62] and refers to the theory of forms as "empty words and poetic metaphors". [63] He is generally presented as giving greater weight to empirical observation and practical ...
Aristotle distinguished between five virtues of thought: technê, epistêmê, phronêsis, sophia, and nous, with techne translating as "craft" or "art" and episteme as "knowledge". [3] A full account of epistêmê is given in Posterior Analytics , where Aristotle argues that knowledge of necessary, rather than contingent, truths regarding ...
Passages in Aristotle's Metaphysics and Physics, especially the one in the Physics where Aristotle explicitly refers to the 'so-called unwritten doctrines.' [6] Aristotle was for many years a student of Plato, and it is assumed that he was well-acquainted with the teaching activity in the Academy and thus a good informant.
Epistemology is one of the main branches of philosophy besides fields like ethics, logic, and metaphysics. [4] The term is also used in a slightly different sense to refer not to the branch of philosophy but to the positions of particular philosophers within that branch, as in Plato's epistemology and Immanuel Kant's epistemology. [5]
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