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WPA implemented a subset of a draft of 802.11i. The Wi-Fi Alliance refers to their approved, interoperable implementation of the full 802.11i as WPA2 , also called RSN (Robust Security Network). 802.11i makes use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block cipher , whereas WEP and WPA use the RC4 stream cipher .
WPA-Personal and WPA2-Personal remain vulnerable to password cracking attacks if users rely on a weak password or passphrase. WPA passphrase hashes are seeded from the SSID name and its length; rainbow tables exist for the top 1,000 network SSIDs and a multitude of common passwords, requiring only a quick lookup to speed up cracking WPA-PSK. [34]
The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was an American New Deal agency that employed millions of jobseekers (mostly men who were not formally educated) to carry out public works projects, [1] including the construction of public buildings and roads.
WPA was designed as an interim software-implementable solution for WEP that could forestall immediate deployment of new hardware. [22] However, TKIP (the basis of WPA) has reached the end of its designed lifetime, has been partially broken, and has been officially deprecated with the release of the 802.11-2012 standard.
The primary enhancement over WPA is the inclusion of the AES-CCMP algorithm as a mandatory feature. Both WPA and WPA2 support EAP authentication methods using RADIUS servers and preshared key (PSK). The number of WPA and WPA2 networks are increasing, while the number of WEP networks are decreasing, [34] because of the security vulnerabilities ...
Although hyped at launch, WAP suffered from criticism. However the introduction of GPRS networks, offering a faster speed, led to an improvement in the WAP experience. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] WAP content was accessed using a WAP browser , which is like a standard web browser but designed for reading pages specific for WAP, instead of HTML .
Criticism of technology is an analysis of adverse impacts of industrial and digital technologies. It is argued that, in all advanced industrial societies (not necessarily only capitalist ones), technology becomes a means of domination, control, and exploitation, [ 1 ] or more generally something which threatens the survival of humanity.
In July 1935 a New Deal program known as Federal One was created. This included five arts projects, including the FMP. [3] This project was the first where Federal money was used on culture. The Depression had compounded a downturn in the fortunes of American musicians. At the same time musicians were also being affected by advances in technology.