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Californium-252 production diagram. Californium-252 (Cf-252, 252 Cf) undergoes spontaneous fission with a branching ratio of 3.09% and is used in small neutron sources. Fission neutrons have an energy range of 0 to 13 MeV with a mean value of 2.3 MeV and a most probable value of 1 MeV. [11]
252 Cf is a very strong neutron emitter, which makes it extremely radioactive and harmful. [24] [25] [26] 252 Cf, 96.9% of the time, alpha decays to curium-248; the other 3.1% of decays are spontaneous fission. [11] One microgram (μg) of 252 Cf emits 2.3 million neutrons per second, an average of 3.7 neutrons per spontaneous fission. [27]
The excited states decay after very short times (2.5 and 23 ps, resp.; 1 picosecond is a millionth of a millionth of a second) to the ground state. Decay scheme of 99m Tc While excited nuclear states are usually very short lived, decaying almost immediately after a beta decay (see above), the excited state of the technetium isotope shown here ...
Some isotopes undergo spontaneous fission (SF) with emission of neutrons.The most common spontaneous fission source is the isotope californium-252. 252 Cf and all other SF neutron sources are made by irradiating uranium or a transuranic element in a nuclear reactor, where neutrons are absorbed in the starting material and its subsequent reaction products, transmuting the starting material into ...
This is because the mass–energy is a convex function of atomic number, so all nuclides on an odd isobaric chain except one have a lower-energy neighbor to which they can decay by beta decay. See Mattauch isobar rule. (123 Te is expected to decay to 123 Sb, but the half-life appears to be so long that the decay has never been observed.)
Rather than relying solely on a large amount of californium for neutrons, the multiplier effect of 3.5 pounds of uranium initiated by only a few milligrams of 252 Cf provided a higher ultimate neutron flux at a lower cost. The CFX was designed by IRT Corporation, [1] with two devices manufactured.
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251 Cf 252 Es 253 Fm 254 Md 255 No 256 Lr 257 Rf 258 Db 259 Sg 260 Bh ... An example of free Universal Nuclide Chart with decay information for over 3000 nuclides is ...