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Tungsten's desirable properties such as resistance to high temperatures, its hardness and density, and its strengthening of alloys made it an important raw material for the arms industry, [54] [55] both as a constituent of weapons and equipment and employed in production itself, e.g., in tungsten carbide cutting tools for machining steel. Now ...
Tungsten steel is any steel that has tungsten as its alloying element with characteristics derived mostly from the presence of this element (as opposed to any other element in the alloy). Common alloys have between 2% and 18% tungsten by weight along with small amounts of molybdenum and vanadium which together create an alloy with exceptional ...
Tungsten carbide (chemical formula: WC) is a chemical compound (specifically, a carbide) containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms. In its most basic form, tungsten carbide is a fine gray powder, but it can be pressed and formed into shapes through sintering [7] for use in industrial machinery, engineering facilities, [8] molding blocks, [9] cutting tools, chisels, abrasives, armor ...
Sodium tungstate is obtained by digestion of tungsten ores, the economically important representatives of which are tungstates, in base. Illustrative is the extraction of sodium tungstate from wolframite: [1] Fe/MnWO 4 + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2 O → Na 2 WO 4 ·2H 2 O + Fe/Mn(OH) 2. Scheelite is treated similarly using sodium carbonate.
Ammonium paratungstate (or APT) is a white crystalline salt with the chemical formula (NH 4) 10 (H 2 W 12 O 42)·4H 2 O. It is described as "the most important raw material for all other tungsten products." [2]
Rosin can be also converted to a water-soluble rosin flux, by formation of an ethoxylated rosin amine, an adduct with a polyglycol and an amine. One of the early fluxes was a mixture of equal amounts of rosin and vaseline. A more aggressive early composition was a mixture of saturated solution of zinc chloride, alcohol, and glycerol. [19]
Ferrotungsten is relatively expensive, with the prices around $31–44 per kilogram of contained tungsten. [4] During World War 2, over 21,000,000 lb of Ferro-tungsten and other ferroalloys were shipped to Russia on lend-lease. [3] The cost was more than $12,000,000. Ferrotungsten comes from rich ore raw materials primarily of wolframite or ...
The chemical composition of Mushet steel varied; tungsten was the main alloying constituent, which ranged between 4 and 12%, while manganese (2–4%) and carbon (1.5–2.5%) were the secondary alloying constituents. Typical samples contain 9% tungsten, 2.5% manganese, and 1.85% carbon. [2] Mushet steel was harder than standard water quenched steel.