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In aerodynamics, a hypersonic speed is one that exceeds five times the speed of sound, often stated as starting at speeds of Mach 5 and above. [1] The precise Mach number at which a craft can be said to be flying at hypersonic speed varies, since individual physical changes in the airflow (like molecular dissociation and ionization) occur at ...
The word Mach is always capitalized since it derives from a proper name, and since the Mach number is a dimensionless quantity rather than a unit of measure, the number comes after the word Mach. It was also known as Mach's number by Lockheed when reporting the effects of compressibility on the P-38 aircraft in 1942. [5]
[4] [5] Most modern firearm bullets are supersonic, with rifle projectiles often travelling at speeds approaching and in some cases [6] well exceeding Mach 3. Most spacecraft are supersonic at least during portions of their reentry, though the effects on the spacecraft are reduced by low air densities. During ascent, launch vehicles generally ...
Mach 5 or variation, may refer to: Mach 5 (speed), a mach number representing the delimiting speed separating supersonic speed (below Mach 5) from hypersonic speed (above Mach 5), 5 times the speed of sound; Mach Five (Japanese: マッハ号, romanized: Mach Go), a racing car in the Speed Racer franchise; Mach-V, an alias of the Marvel Comics ...
In November 1961, Air Force Major Robert White flew the X-15 research aircraft at speeds over Mach 6. [4] [5] On 3 October 1967, in California, an X-15 reached Mach 6.7. [6] The reentry problem of a space vehicle was extensively studied. [7] The NASA X-43A flew on scramjet for 10 seconds, and then glided for 10 minutes on its last flight in 2004.
A hypersonic weapon is a weapon capable of travelling at hypersonic speed, defined as above Mach 5, or above 5 times the speed of sound. [1] Below Mach 1, weapons would be characterized as subsonic, and above Mach 1, as supersonic. Typical Low Earth Orbit atmospheric re-entry speed is Mach 25. [2]
Mach number, a useful quantity in aerodynamics, is the ratio of air speed to the local speed of sound. At altitude, for reasons explained, Mach number is a function of temperature. Aircraft flight instruments, however, operate using pressure differential to compute Mach number, not temperature. The assumption is that a particular pressure ...
In aerodynamics, the normal shock tables are a series of tabulated data listing the various properties before and after the occurrence of a normal shock wave. [1] With a given upstream Mach number, the post-shock Mach number can be calculated along with the pressure, density, temperature, and stagnation pressure ratios.