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Crystal structure of β-glucosidase from Thermotoga neapolitana (PDB: 5IDI).Thermostable protein, active at 80°C and with unfolding temperature of 101°C. [1]In materials science and molecular biology, thermostability is the ability of a substance to resist irreversible change in its chemical or physical structure, often by resisting decomposition or polymerization, at a high relative ...
Classical thermodynamics deals with states of dynamic equilibrium.The state of a system at thermodynamic equilibrium is the one for which some thermodynamic potential is minimized (in the absence of an applied voltage), [2] or for which the entropy (S) is maximized, for specified conditions.
In chemistry, chemical stability is the thermodynamic stability of a chemical system, in particular a chemical compound or a polymer. [1]Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or in chemical equilibrium with its environment.
a) Single possible configuration for a system at absolute zero, i.e., only one microstate is accessible. b) At temperatures greater than absolute zero, multiple microstates are accessible due to atomic vibration (exaggerated in the figure). At absolute zero temperature, the system is in the state with the minimum thermal energy, the ground state.
Thermodynamic temperature is a specifically thermodynamic concept, while the original directly measureable state variables are defined by ordinary physical measurements, without reference to thermodynamic concepts; for this reason, it is helpful to regard thermodynamic temperature as a state function.
Meanwhile, the domino products 6 are more thermodynamically stable than 5 (ΔG ‡ ≈ 4.2-4.7 kcal/mol) and this fact may cause isomerization of 5 into 6 at elevated temperature. Indeed, the calculated activation barriers for the 5 → 6 isomerization via the retro-Diels–Alder reaction of 5 followed by the intramolecular [4+2]-cycloaddition ...
This is a combination of a large temperature gradient due to low thermal conductivity, in addition to rapid change in temperature on brittle materials. The change in temperature causes stresses on the surface that are in tension, which encourages crack formation and propagation. Ceramics materials are usually susceptible to thermal shock. [2]
The most common physical standard state is one that is stable thermodynamically (i.e., the normal one). It has no tendency to transform into any other physical state. If a substance can exist but is not thermodynamically stable (for example, a supercooled liquid), it is called a metastable state.