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It is used to prevent and treat lack of calcium and vitamin D in the elderly, as well for osteoporosis in combination with other medications. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In 2022, the combination, calcium/vitamin D was the 246th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
[9] [10] Vitamin-D supplements may not be effective in people with severe kidney disease. [11] [10] Excessive doses in humans can result in vomiting, constipation, muscle weakness, and confusion. [5] Other risks include kidney stones. [11] Doses greater than 40 000 IU (1000 μg) per day are generally required before high blood calcium occurs. [12]
The active vitamin D metabolite, calcitriol, exerts its biological effects by binding to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is primarily located in the nuclei of target cells. [ 1 ] [ 13 ] When calcitriol binds to the VDR, it enables the receptor to act as a transcription factor , modulating the gene expression of transport proteins involved ...
There's lots of confusion around the difference between vitamin D2 and vitamin D3, and which is best for whom. Doctors and experts explain.
Vitamin D2 vs. D3 Uses. Both vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 will help to increase vitamin D levels in the blood, says Pelitera. However, some studies have shown that supplementing vitamin D3 does a ...
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Excessive amounts or intake can result in weakness, headache, nausea, constipation, urinary tract infections, and abdominal pain. [7] [12] Serious side effects may include high blood calcium and anaphylaxis. [7] Calcitriol was identified as the active form of vitamin D in 1971 and the drug was approved for medical use in the United States in ...
Vitamin D compounds, specifically cholecalciferol (D3) and ergocalciferol (D2), are used in rodenticides due to their ability to induce hypercalcemia, a condition characterized by elevated calcium levels in the blood. This overdose leads to organ failure and is pharmacologically similar to vitamin D's toxic effects in humans.
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