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  2. Exchange-rate pass-through - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchange-rate_pass-through

    Formally, exchange-rate pass-through is the elasticity of local-currency import prices with respect to the local-currency price of foreign currency. It is often measured as the percentage change , in the local currency , of import prices resulting from a one percent change in the exchange rate between the exporting and importing countries. [ 1 ]

  3. Currency appreciation and depreciation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_appreciation_and...

    Revaluation – Official increase in the value of a country's currency within a fixed exchange-rate system; Capital appreciation – Increase of value of finance over time (Accounting term) Currency carry trade – Uncovered interest arbitrage (investors borrow low-yielding currencies and lend (invest in) high-yielding currencies).

  4. Purchasing power parity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity

    Estimation of purchasing power parity is complicated by the fact that countries do not simply differ in a uniform price level; rather, the difference in food prices may be greater than the difference in housing prices, while also less than the difference in entertainment prices. People in different countries typically consume different baskets ...

  5. South African rand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_African_rand

    The 1 rand coin for circulation was introduced in 1967, followed by 2 rand coins in 1989 and 5 rand coins in 1994. Production of the 1 and 2-cent coins was discontinued in 2002, followed by 5-cent coins in 2012, primarily due to inflation having devalued them, but they remain legal tender.

  6. Big Mac Index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Mac_Index

    The purpose of the Big Mac index is to calculate an implied exchange rate between two currencies. In order to calculate the Big Mac index, the price of a Big Mac in a foreign country (in the foreign country's currency) is divided by the price of Big Mac in a base country (in the base country's currency). [9]

  7. List of price index formulas - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_price_index_formulas

    A price index aggregates various combinations of base period prices (), later period prices (), base period quantities (), and later period quantities (). Price index numbers are usually defined either in terms of (actual or hypothetical) expenditures (expenditure = price * quantity) or as different weighted averages of price relatives ( p t ...

  8. Currency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency

    An exchange rate is a price at which two currencies can be exchanged against each other. This is used for trade between the two currency zones. Exchange rates can be classified as either floating or fixed. In the former, day-to-day movements in exchange rates are determined by the market; in the latter, governments intervene in the market to ...

  9. Coins of the South African rand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Coins_of_the_South_African_rand

    In addition, two bullion coins with denominations of 1 rand and 2 rand were issued, replacing the gold half-pound and pound coins introduced in 1952. Both the pound and the rand gold coins matched the specifications of the British half-sovereign and sovereign (minted, among others, at the Pretoria branch mint until 1932), including the gold ...