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Demulsifiers, or emulsion breakers, are a class of specialty chemicals used to separate emulsions, for example, water in oil. They are commonly used in the processing of crude oil, which is typically produced along with significant quantities of saline water. This water (and salt) must be removed from the crude oil prior to refining.
Crude oil leaving the well may contain quantities of sulfur (e.g. hydrogen sulfide and thiols) and/or carbon dioxide, and is known as "sour" crude. The gas–oil separator will typically partition the hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide preferentially into the vapor or gas phase, where it may be further treated. [3]
Certain chemicals added to crude oil can act to aid separation. Surfactants help water to separate from the oil. Paraffin thinners allow heavier fractions in the oil to flow more easily. Demulsifiers breakdown the oil/water emulsions that may have formed and thereby help to separate different elements of the crude oil. [1]
Oil dispersant mechanism of action. An oil dispersant is a mixture of emulsifiers and solvents that helps break oil into small droplets following an oil spill.Small droplets are easier to disperse throughout a water volume, and small droplets may be more readily biodegraded by microbes in the water.
DOGGR – Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (former name of California's regulatory entity for oil, gas, and geothermal production) DOPH – drilled-out plugged hole; DOWRE – downhole report; DP – drill pipe; DP – dynamic positioning; DPDV – dynamically positioned drilling vessel; DPL – dual propagation log
In the Oil and Gas, Petrochemical and Oil Refining industries, liquid-gas coalescers are widely used to remove water and hydrocarbon liquids to less than 0.011 mW (plus particulate matter to less than 0.3 μm in size) from natural gas to ensure natural gas quality and protect downstream equipment such as compressors, gas turbines, amine or ...
Oil and gas separators can have three general configurations: vertical, horizontal, and spherical.Vertical separators can vary in size from 10 or 12 inches in diameter and 4 to 5 feet seam to seam (S to S) up to 10 or 12 feet in diameter and 15 to 25 feet S to S. Horizontal separators may vary in size from 10 or 12 inches in diameter and 4 to 5 feet S to S up to 15 to 16 feet in diameter and ...
Amine gas plant at a natural gas field. Amine gas treating, also known as amine scrubbing, gas sweetening and acid gas removal, refers to a group of processes that use aqueous solutions of various alkylamines (commonly referred to simply as amines) to remove hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and carbon dioxide (CO 2) from gases.