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Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...
An increased deficit by the national government shifts the IS curve to the right. This raises the equilibrium interest rate (from i 1 to i 2) and national income (from Y 1 to Y 2), as shown in the graph above. The equilibrium level of national income in the IS–LM diagram is referred to as aggregate demand.
The diagram juxtaposes a graph which has input price ratios as its horizontal axis, endowment ratios as its positive vertical axis, and output price ratios as its negative vertical axis. The diagram is named after economists Roy F. Harrod and Harry G. Johnson ; the Samuelson-Harrod-Johnson name is in reference to economist Paul Samuelson . [ 3 ]
At each thermodynamic equilibrium state of a system, the thermodynamic properties of the system are specified. Generally, thermodynamic models are mathematical relations that relate different state properties to each other in order to eliminate the need of measuring all the properties of the system in different states.
For a reversible reaction, the equilibrium constant can be measured at a variety of temperatures. This data can be plotted on a graph with ln K eq on the y-axis and 1 / T on the x axis. The data should have a linear relationship, the equation for which can be found by fitting the data using the linear form of the Van 't Hoff equation
The Heckscher–Ohlin model (/hɛkʃr ʊˈliːn/, H–O model) is a general equilibrium mathematical model of international trade, developed by Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin at the Stockholm School of Economics.
Increased demand can be represented on the graph as the curve being shifted to the right. At each price point, a greater quantity is demanded, as from the initial curve D 1 to the new curve D 2. In the diagram, this raises the equilibrium price from P 1 to the higher P 2. This raises the equilibrium quantity from Q 1 to the higher Q 2. (A ...
(In practice, governments restrict international trade for a variety of reasons; under Ulysses S. Grant, the US postponed opening up to free trade until its industries were up to strength, following the example set earlier by Britain. [33]) Nonetheless there is a large amount of empirical work testing the predictions of comparative advantage ...