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Altimetry is the measurement of altitude or elevation above sea level. Common techniques are: [8] [9] Surveying, especially levelling. Global Navigation Satellite System (such as GPS), where a receiver determines a location from pseudoranges to multiple satellites. A geoid is needed to convert the 3D position to sea-level elevation.
Some manufacturers of military and professional mapping-grade GPS instruments have integrated a GPS receiver with a laser rangefinder and digital camera. These multi-functional tools are able to determine a remote subject's GPS position by calculating the subject's geographic location relative to the camera's GPS position.
In case of the GPS, the receivers are closer to Earth than the satellites, causing the clocks at the altitude of the satellite to be faster by a factor of 5×10 −10, or about +45.8 μs/day. This gravitational frequency shift is measurable.
Move a marker on a Google Maps map (map or satellite view) and get Latitude, Longitude for the location. User interface in English language. Mapcoordinates: Map to coordinates: Move a marker on a Google Maps map (map or satellite view) and get Latitude, Longitude and Elevation for the location. User interface in German language. NASA World Wind ...
Disaster relief/emergency services: many emergency services depend upon GPS for location and timing capabilities. GPS-equipped radiosondes and dropsondes: measure and calculate the atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction up to 27 km (89,000 ft) from the Earth's surface. Radio occultation for weather and atmospheric science applications ...
HDOP AND GPS HORIZONTAL POSITION ERRORS; Article on DOP and Trimble's program: Determining Local GPS Satellite Geometry Effects On Position Accuracy. Notes & GIF image on manually calculating GDOP: Geographer's Craft; GPS Errors & Estimating Your Receiver's Accuracy: Sam Wormley's GPS Accuracy Web Page
The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).
Geopositioning can be referred to both global positioning and outdoor positioning, using for example GPS, and to indoor positioning, for all the situations where satellite GPS is not a viable option and the localization process has to happen indoors. For indoor positioning, tracking and localization there are many technologies that can be used ...