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The division of Union and Confederate states during the American Civil War, which lasted from 1861 to 1865. In the context of the American Civil War, the Union, or the United States, is sometimes referred to as "the North", both then and now, as opposed to the Confederacy, which was often called "the South".
A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states united for purposes of common action. [1] Usually created by a treaty, confederations of states tend to be established for dealing with critical issues, such as defence, foreign relations, internal trade or currency, with the central government being required to provide support for all its members.
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union [e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
The resulting constitution, which came to be known as the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union, provided for a weak central government with little power to coerce the state governments. [4] The first article of the new constitution established a name for the new federation – the United States of America. [5]
Eleven Southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America, also known as "the Confederacy." Led by Jefferson Davis , the Confederacy fought against the United States (the Union ), which was supported by all the free states (where slavery had been abolished) and by five slave states ...
The Confederacy arrested pro-Union civilians in the South at about the same rate as the Union arrested pro-Confederate civilians in the North. [209] Neely argues: The Confederate citizen was not any freer than the Union citizen – and perhaps no less likely to be arrested by military authorities.
While the Confederacy fought the Union to a bloody stalemate in the East, the Union army was much more successful in the West. Confederate insurrections in Missouri were put down by the federal government by 1863, despite the initial Confederate victory at Wilson's Creek near Springfield, Missouri.
The main prewar agricultural products of the Confederate States were cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, with hogs, cattle, grain and vegetable plots. Pre-war agricultural production estimated for the Southern states is as follows (Union states in parentheses for comparison): 1.7 million horses (3.4 million), 800,000 mules (100,000), 2.7 million dairy cows (5 million), 5 million sheep (14 million ...