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A saturated fat is a type of fat in which the fatty acid chains have all single bonds between the carbon atoms. A fat known as a glyceride is made of two kinds of smaller molecules: a short glycerol backbone and fatty acids that each contain a long linear or branched chain of carbon (C) atoms.
Elaidic acid is the main trans unsaturated fatty acid often found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. [32] Oleic acid is a cis unsaturated fatty acid making up 55–80% of olive oil. [33] Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in animal fats and is the intended product in full hydrogenation.
Saturated fatty acids 16 and 18 carbons in length are the dominant types in the epidermis, [39] [40] while unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids of various other lengths are also present. [39] [40] The relative abundance of the different fatty acids in the epidermis is dependent on the body site the skin is covering. [40]
In nature, unsaturated fatty acids generally have double bonds in cis configuration (with the adjacent C–C bonds on the same side) as opposed to trans. [135] Nevertheless, trans fatty acids (TFAs) occur in small amounts in meat and milk of ruminants (such as cattle and sheep), [136] [137] typically 2–5% of total fat. [138]
In cellular metabolism, unsaturated fat molecules contain less energy (i.e., fewer calories) than an equivalent amount of saturated fat. The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (i.e., the more double bonds in the fatty acid) the more susceptible it becomes to lipid peroxidation .
Cervonic acid (or docosahexaenoic acid) has 22 carbons, is found in fish oil, is a 4,7,10,13,16,19-hexa unsaturated fatty acid. In the human body its generation depends on consumption of omega 3 essential fatty acids (e.g., ALA or EPA), but the conversion process is inefficient. [ 22 ]
Omega-3 and omega-6 fats have anti-inflammatory properties, and increasing your intake of these unsaturated fats is heart-friendly. Swapping out saturated fats for omega-6s may lower LDL (bad ...
For human nutrition, an important classification of fats is based on the number and position of double bonds in the constituent fatty acids. Saturated fat has a predominance of saturated fatty acids, without any double bonds, while unsaturated fat has predominantly unsaturated acids with double bonds. (The names refer to the fact that each ...