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  2. Escape velocity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocity

    In most situations it is impractical to achieve escape velocity almost instantly, because of the acceleration implied, and also because if there is an atmosphere, the hypersonic speeds involved (on Earth a speed of 11.2 km/s, or 40,320 km/h) would cause most objects to burn up due to aerodynamic heating or be torn apart by atmospheric drag. For ...

  3. Atmospheric escape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_escape

    Atmospheric escape of hydrogen on Earth is due to charge exchange escape (~60–90%), Jeans escape (~10–40%), and polar wind escape (~10–15%), currently losing about 3 kg/s of hydrogen. [1] The Earth additionally loses approximately 50 g/s of helium primarily through polar wind escape. Escape of other atmospheric constituents is much ...

  4. Atmospheric entry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_entry

    The five species model is only usable for entry from low Earth orbit where entry velocity is approximately 7.8 km/s (28,000 km/h; 17,000 mph). For lunar return entry of 11 km/s, [23] the shock layer contains a significant amount of ionized nitrogen and oxygen. The five-species model is no longer accurate and a twelve-species model must be used ...

  5. Orders of magnitude (speed) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(speed)

    1 × 10 −15 to 3.7 ... 320 km/h or 200 mph is a parameter sometimes used in defining a supercar. ... Escape velocity from Earth. 16,100: 57,900: 36,000

  6. List of artificial objects leaving the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects...

    In order to leave the Solar System, the probe needs to reach the local escape velocity. Escape velocity from the sun without the influence of Earth is 42.1 km/s. In order to reach this speed, it is highly advantageous to use as a boost the orbital speed of the Earth around the Sun, which is 29.78 km/s.

  7. Hohmann transfer orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hohmann_transfer_orbit

    The column labeled "LEO height" gives the velocity needed (in a non-rotating frame of reference centered on the earth) when 300 km above the Earth's surface. This is obtained by adding to the specific kinetic energy the square of the escape velocity (10.9 km/s) from this height. The column "LEO" is simply the previous speed minus the LEO ...

  8. Orbital mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbital_mechanics

    To escape the Solar System from a location at a distance from the Sun equal to the distance Sun–Earth, but not close to the Earth, requires around 42 km/s velocity, but there will be "partial credit" for the Earth's orbital velocity for spacecraft launched from Earth, if their further acceleration (due to the propulsion system) carries them ...

  9. Hydrodynamic escape - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodynamic_escape

    If there is a strong thermally driven atmospheric escape of light atoms, heavier atoms can achieve the escape velocity through viscous drag by those escaping lighter atoms. [2] This is another way of thermal escape, called hydrodynamic escape. The heaviest species of atom that can be removed in this manner is called the cross-over mass. [3] In ...