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Data science is multifaceted and can be described as a science, a research paradigm, a research method, a discipline, a workflow, and a profession. [4] Data science is "a concept to unify statistics, data analysis, informatics, and their related methods" to "understand and analyze actual phenomena" with data. [5]
Data science process flowchart from Doing Data Science, by Schutt & O'Neil (2013) Analysis refers to dividing a whole into its separate components for individual examination. [10] Data analysis is a process for obtaining raw data, and subsequently converting it into information useful for decision-making by users. [1]
Analytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. [1] It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data, which also falls under and directly relates to the umbrella term, data science. [2] Analytics also entails applying data patterns toward effective decision-making.
Data engineering refers to the building of systems to enable the collection and usage of data. This data is usually used to enable subsequent analysis and data science, which often involves machine learning. [1] [2] Making the data usable usually involves substantial compute and storage, as well as data processing.
Gathering data can be accomplished through a primary source (the researcher is the first person to obtain the data) or a secondary source (the researcher obtains the data that has already been collected by other sources, such as data disseminated in a scientific journal).
In information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming, and definitions of the categories, properties, and relations between the concepts, data, or entities that pertain to one, many, or all domains of discourse. More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by ...
A data structure known as a hash table.. In computer science, a data structure is a data organization and storage format that is usually chosen for efficient access to data. [1] [2] [3] More precisely, a data structure is a collection of data values, the relationships among them, and the functions or operations that can be applied to the data, [4] i.e., it is an algebraic structure about data.
Python, an open-source programming language widely used in data mining and machine learning. R, an open-source programming language for statistical computing and graphics. Together with Python one of the most popular languages for data science. TinkerPlots an EDA software for upper elementary and middle school students.