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Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children. PEM can appear as conditions called marasmus, kwashiorkor, and an intermediate state of marasmus-kwashiorkor. Although malnutrition can have severe and lasting health effects on women and children, they are still susceptible to other water-related dangers. [10]
Protein–energy undernutrition (PEU), once called protein–energy malnutrition (PEM), is a form of malnutrition that is defined as a range of conditions arising from coincident lack of dietary protein and/or energy in varying proportions. The condition has mild, moderate, and severe degrees.
Nutribun, also referred to as Nutri-bun or Nutriban, is a bread product used in elementary school feeding programs in the Philippines to combat child malnutrition, [1] initially as part of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)'s Food for Peace program from 1971 to 1997, [2] [3] and later as part of the child health programs of various Philippine cities.
National Nutrition Council, abbreviated as NNC, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Department of Health responsible for creating a conducive policy environment for national and local nutrition planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation, and surveillance using state-of the art technology and approaches.
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form. [13] Malnutrition is a category of diseases that includes undernutrition and ...
There are around 50 million children less than five years old who have protein-energy malnutrition. Of the malnourished children population in the world, 80% live in Asia, 15% in Africa, and 5% in Latin America. It is estimated that the prevalence of acute malnutrition in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States is 6.1–14%.
Another factor that contributes to malnutrition is conflict. [33] Conflict can lead to uncertainty in resources, which puts them at a higher risk of malnutrition. [33] In addition, the areas in Africa with the highest rates of malnutrition also experience poverty which impact and limit the supply of food and necessary services. [33]
Protein energy malnutrition is often seen in VAD. This is because suppressed synthesis of retinol binding protein (RBP) due to protein deficiency leads to reduced retinol uptake. [21] In addition to its effects on the pancreas which can cause malabsorption, alcohol can cause a form of vitamin A deficiency localized to the human eye.