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(In)voluntary soiling of undergarments. There are two types: with or without constipation. [3] Those with constipation may experience decreased appetite, abdominal pain, have pain on defecation, have fewer bowel movements, and have hard or soft stools. [1] Those without constipation do not have these symptoms. [1]
The Rome process suggests a diagnosis of constipation in children fewer than 4 years old when the child has 2 or more of the following complaints for at least 1 month. [6] For children older than 4 years, there must be 2 of these complaints for at least 2 months: 2 or fewer bowel movements per week; Passing large bowel movements
Imperforate anus also requires surgical management, with the diagnosis made by inability to pass the rectal tube through the anal sphincter. [6] Supportive intravenous hydration, gastric decompression, and ventilatory support may be needed due to poor neonatal nutrition resulting from dysfunctional bowel absorption. [4]
Hirschsprung's disease (HD or HSCR) is a birth defect in which nerves are missing from parts of the intestine. [1] [3] The most prominent symptom is constipation. [1]Other symptoms may include vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and slow growth. [1]
Constipation is a bowel dysfunction that makes bowel movements infrequent or hard to pass. [2] The stool is often hard and dry. [4] Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed the bowel movement. [3] Complications from constipation may include hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction. [4]
To qualify for this diagnosis, patients must meet the Rome diagnostic criteria for functional constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). [31] Furthermore, 2 of the following 3 tests must show abnormal results: balloon expulsion test, anorectal manometry or anal surface electromyography, or imaging (e.g. defecography). [31]
Symptoms may occur intermittently and over a prolonged period of time. It is not unusual for patients to present several times owing to the nonspecific nature of the symptoms. [ 4 ] Conditions and onset will vary if the disease is primary vs secondary and the underlying disease (if a secondary manifestation) and its management.
The diagnosis of duodenal atresia is usually confirmed by radiography. An X-ray of the abdomen is the first step in evaluation. The x-ray should be obtained after placement of a nasogastric tube (feeding tube), evacuating the stomach and filling 40-50 ml of air [ 5 ] to demonstrate two large air filled spaces, the so-called "double bubble" sign.