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Rivers on this list shown on a map of Canada The Mackenzie River is the longest stream in Canada if measured from its mouth on the Beaufort Sea to the headwaters of the Finlay River, a major upstream tributary. The main stem, a much shorter segment of the Mackenzie, is marked in dark blue.
Drainage basins of Canada. The major Canadian drainage basins are the following: [1] [2] Arctic Ocean; Pacific Ocean; Hudson Bay including James Bay and Ungava Bay; Atlantic Ocean including the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Drainage basin; Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River basin
The border of Europe and Asia is here defined as from the Kara Sea, along the Ural Mountains and Ural River to the Caspian Sea.While the crest of the Caucasus Mountains is the geographical border with Asia in the south, Georgia, and to a lesser extent Armenia and Azerbaijan, are politically and culturally often associated with Europe; rivers in these countries are therefore included.
The river discharges more than 325 cubic kilometres (78 cu mi) of water each year, accounting for roughly 11% of the total river flow into the Arctic Ocean. [32] [33] The river is frozen for most of the year, with the ice typically breaking up by early to mid-May in the south, and late May-early June in the north. [34]
Canada has a vast geography that occupies much of the continent of North America, sharing a land border with the contiguous United States to the south and the U.S. state of Alaska to the northwest. Canada stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west; to the north lies the Arctic Ocean. [1]
The Fraser River is known for the fishing of white sturgeon, all five species of Pacific salmon (chinook, coho, chum, pink, sockeye), as well as steelhead trout. The Fraser River is also the largest producer of salmon in Canada. [25] A typical white sturgeon catch can average about 500 pounds (230 kg). [26]
The river has been called a variety of names by local First Nations. Beginning in the 16th century, French explorers visited what is now Canada and gave the river names such as the Grand fleuve de Hochelaga and the Grande rivière du Canada, [8] where fleuve and rivière are two French words (fleuve being a river that flows into the sea).
The river valley was filled with glacial debris. Water still flows down this old valley—underground. The source of the aquifer is the Georgian Bay, [6] approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) away. In 2003 it was discovered that the southern section of the Laurentian aquifer reaches under High Park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [6]