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first-pass effect is a process in which a drug administered by mouth is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and transported via the portal vein to the liver, where it is metabolized. As a result, in cases of some drugs, only a small proportion of the active drug reaches the systemic circulation and its intended target tissue.
No first pass metabolism does not affect medications given by the Intravenous(IV) route. Yes IV medication does completely bypass the liver. First pass metabolism means the metabolism of the drug that takes place before the administered drug reaches the systemic circulation from the place it was administered. This is applicable specially when the drug is given orally. First pass metabolism ...
First vibrational level for NaH lies at 1.154 × 10-20 J and the second vibrational level lies at 3.406 × 10-20 J. What is the frequency of the photon emitted when a molecule of NaH drops from the second vibrational level to the first vibrational level?
Rutherford's experiment showed that the atom does not contain a uniform distribution of charge. > Thomson's plum pudding model viewed the atom as a massive blob of positive charge dotted with negative charges. A plum pudding was a Christmas cake studded with raisins ("plums"). So think of the model as a spherical Christmas cake. When Rutherford shot α particles through gold foil, he found ...
The larger the resistor , the slower the charge/discharge rate. The larger the capacitor , the slower the charge/discharge rate. If a voltage is applied to a capacitor through a series resistor, the charging current will be highest when the cap has 0 Volts across it. . (i.e. when it is first connected the full voltage will be across the resistor).
The number of electrons in an atom's outermost valence shell governs its bonding behaviour. > The valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost electron shell of an atom. That is why elements whose atoms have the same number of valence electrons are grouped together in the Periodic Table. Generally, elements in Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 17 tend to react to form a closed shell ...
The ratio between the surface area and volume of cells influences their structure and biology. Surface to volume ratio places a maximum limit on the size of a cell and can influence the environment in which an organism lives and gets nutrients.
It reduces ionization energy The shielding (or screening) effect is like a barrier effect. Look closely at the following image. It's a Magnesium atom with 3 energy levels (shells), two of which are filled. Energy levels contain electrons and all electrons are negatively charged. Since they have the same charge, they will repel each other. The outer electrons are being shielded from the full ...
The small intestine is about 7.0 m long and 2.5 cm to 3 cm in diameter. (From www.emaze.com) In contrast, the large intestine is about 1.6 m long and about 6 cm in diameter. Why the difference? There are two main reasons: It takes time for digestion to occur. The extra length provides a greater surface area for the absorption of nutrients. The small intestine is where most digestion occurs. It ...
As light intensity increases, so does the rate of photosynthesis, up until a point. Photosynthesis, specifically the light reactions, require light to occur. The light's photons excite the electrons in the pigments of the photosystems which activates the light reactions portion of photosynthesis. The more light there is, the more photosystems in the thylakoid membrane can be activated. However ...