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Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. [1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.
The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells. [7] It is also known to contain collagen proteins. [ 8 ] Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death.
The diagnosis of LATE-NC at autopsy requires detection of pathologic TDP-43 protein deposits in the brain, especially in the amygdala and hippocampus. For reasons that are presently unknown, the disease process of LATE-NC preferentially affects medial temporal lobe structures of the brain, particularly the amygdala and hippocampus. [2]
On CT scans, brain parenchymal hemorrhage that does not confined to specific arterial territory along with hyperdense appearance on dural venous sinuses raises the suspicion of DVST. Further evaluation with CT venography, MR venography, and post gadolinium MRI provides accurate diagnosis of venous thrombosis and follow-up after treatment.
Cerebritis is the inflammation of the cerebrum, which performs a number of important functions, such as memory and speech.It is also defined as a purulent nonencapsulated parenchymal infection of the brain which is characterized by nonspecific features on CT scans (ill-defined low density area with peripheral enhancement) and cannot reliably be distinguished from neoplasms.
Primary familial brain calcification [1] (PFBC), also known as familial idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (FIBGC) and Fahr's disease, [1] is a rare, [2] genetically dominant or recessive, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement.
Yellow softening is the third type of cerebral softening. As its name implies, the affected softened areas of the brain have a yellow appearance. This yellow appearance is due to atherosclerotic plaque build-up in interior brain arteries coupled with yellow lymph around the choroid plexus, which occurs in specific instances of brain trauma. [2]
Signs and symptoms are classified into three groups based on the affected functions of the frontal and temporal lobes: [8] These are behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, semantic dementia, and progressive nonfluent aphasia. An overlap between symptoms can occur as the disease progresses and spreads through the brain regions. [14]