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Gastroenteritis is defined as vomiting or diarrhea due to inflammation of the small or large bowel, often due to infection. [17] The changes in the small bowel are typically noninflammatory, while the ones in the large bowel are inflammatory. [17]
It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility. [15] The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea. [15] Enteritis necroticans is an often fatal illness, caused by β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens. [16] This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Intestinal infectious diseases include a large number of infections of the bowels, including cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, other types of salmonella infections, shigellosis, botulism, gastroenteritis, and amoebiasis among others. [1] Typhoid and paratyphoid resulted in 221,000 deaths in 2013 down from 259,000 deaths in 1990. [2]
It is not clear if vitamin D deficiency causes inflammatory bowel disease or is a symptom of the disease. [90] There is some evidence that vitamin D supplementation therapy may be associated with improvements in scores for clinical inflammatory bowel disease activity and biochemical markers. [90]
Routes of exposure and infection include ingestion of undercooked meat, drinking infected water, fecal–oral transmission and skin absorption. Some types of helminths and protozoa are classified as intestinal parasites that cause infection—those that reside in the intestines. These infections can damage or sicken the host (humans or other ...
Irritable bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease, causes inflammation in the digestive tract, leading to a range of symptoms including pain, diarrhea, and less ...
Causes of constipation may include faecal impaction and bowel obstruction, which may in turn be caused by ileus, intussusception, volvulus. Inflammatory bowel disease is a condition of unknown aetiology, classified as either Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis , that can affect the intestines and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the digestive tract, involving enteritis of the small intestine and colitis of the colon. [1] It may be caused by various infections, with bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or other causes.