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The design of the saturable inductor current sensor is similar to that of a closed-loop Hall-effect current sensor; the only difference is that this method uses the saturable inductor instead of the Hall-effect sensor in the air gap. Saturable inductor current sensor is based on the detection of an inductance change. The saturable inductor is ...
A fiber-optic current sensor (FOCS) is a device designed to measure direct current. Utilizing a single-ended optical fiber wrapped around the current conductor, [1] FOCS exploits the magneto-optic effect (Faraday effect). [2] The FOCS can measure uni- or bi-directional DC currents up to 600 kA, with an accuracy within ±0.1% of the measured value.
Eddy current sensors are displacement sensors that use the principle of eddy current formation to sense displacement. These sensors measure shaft displacement in rotating machinery and have been around for many years as they offer manufacturers high-linearity, high-speed measurements, and high resolution. [ 1 ]
To address this the IEC introduced the term residual current device (RCD). Residual current refers to any residue when comparing current in the outbound and return currents in the circuit. In single phase circuits this is simply the line or phase current minus the neutral current. In a 3 phase circuit all current carrying conductors must be sensed.
The CCD is a semiconductor circuit that was later used in the first digital video cameras for television broadcasting. [24] The MOS active-pixel sensor (APS) was developed by Tsutomu Nakamura at Olympus in 1985. [25] The CMOS active-pixel sensor was later developed by Eric Fossum and his team in the early 1990s. [26]
It should be remembered that while Ideal inductor and capacitor modals consist of very simple 2x2 models where Y11 = Y22 = -Y12 = -Y21, most real world elements cannot be modeled so simply. With transmission lines and real world inductor and capacitor models, for example, Y11 != -Y12, and for some more complex passive asymmetric elements Y11 ...
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No physical current source is ideal. For example, no physical current source can operate when applied to an open circuit. There are two characteristics that define a current source in real life. One is its internal resistance and the other is its compliance voltage. The compliance voltage is the maximum voltage that the current source can ...