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The efficiency of a conventional steam–electric power plant, defined as energy produced by the plant divided by the heating value of the fuel consumed by it, is typically 33 to 48%, limited as all heat engines are by the laws of thermodynamics (See: Carnot cycle). The rest of the energy must leave the plant in the form of heat.
British, German, other national and international test codes are used to standardize the procedures and definitions used to test steam turbines. Selection of the test code to be used is an agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer, and has some significance to the design of the turbine and associated systems. In the United States ...
Drawing steam from the Mindanao Geothermal Production Field, [3] the power station is situated near the foot of Mount Apo and has a power output of 106 MW. It is currently part of the Mindanao Grid that supplies electricity to Kidapawan and Davao Region. Impounds: Mount Apo. Turbines: Dry Steam Power Plant 54.24 megawatts
Dry steam stations are the simplest and oldest design. There are few power stations of this type, because they require a resource that produces dry steam, but they are the most efficient, with the simplest facilities. [25] At these sites, there may be liquid water present in the reservoir, but only steam, not water, is produced to the surface. [25]
A simplified diagram of a coal-fired thermal power station. The superheater is the element 19. In many applications, a turbine will make more efficient use of steam energy than a reciprocating engine. However, saturated ("wet") steam at boiling point may contain, or condense into, liquid water droplets, which can cause damage to turbine blades.
Prince Piero Ginori Conti tested the first geothermal power generator on 4 July 1904, at the Larderello dry steam field in Italy. [5] It was a small generator that lit four light bulbs. [ 6 ] In 1911, the world's first geothermal power plant was built in the Valle del Diavolo ("Devil's Valley"), named for the boiling water that rises there.
A new type of heat-recovery steam generator based on the Benson boiler has operated successfully at the Cottam combined-cycle power plant in central England. The vertical tubing in the combustion chamber walls of coal-fired steam generators combines the operating advantages of the Benson system with the design advantages of the drum-type boiler.
The hot exhaust gas from an MHD generator can heat the boilers of a steam power plant, increasing overall efficiency. Practical MHD generators have been developed for fossil fuels, but these were overtaken by less expensive combined cycles in which the exhaust of a gas turbine or molten carbonate fuel cell heats steam to power a steam turbine.