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The absolute ages given here are only approximate. From oldest to youngest, the time periods are: Pre-Noachian: the interval from the accretion and differentiation of the planet about 4.5 billion years ago to the formation of the Hellas impact basin, between 4.1 and 3.8 Gya. [13]
The Pre-Noachian period is a geological system and early time period on Mars marked by intense meteoroid and asteroid impacts, volcanic and tectonic activity, and the potential presence of surface or subsurface water. [1] The era holds significant importance in Mars' history as it witnessed the planet's formation and the shaping of its ...
The beginning of the period followed the end of the Late Heavy Bombardment [2] and probably corresponds to the start of the lunar Late Imbrian period, [3] [4] around 3700 million years ago . The end of the Hesperian Period is much more uncertain and could range anywhere from 3200 to 2000 Mya, [ 5 ] with 3000 Mya being frequently cited.
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Periods of time in geochronology Notes (Mars) Eonothem: Eon: not used for Mars Erathem: Era: not used for Mars System: Period: 3 total; 10 8 to 10 9 years in length Series: Epoch: 8 total; 10 7 to 10 8 years in length Stage: Age: not used for Mars Chronozone: Chron: smaller than an age/stage; not used by the ICS timescale
Generalised geological map of Mars [1] Mars as seen by the Hubble Space Telescope. The geology of Mars is the scientific study of the surface, crust, and interior of the planet Mars. It emphasizes the composition, structure, history, and physical processes that shape the planet. It is analogous to the field of terrestrial geology.
Hesperia Planum is the type locality for the Hesperian System and time period. The lavas making up Hesperia Planum define the base of the Hesperian System. [21] They erupted at the beginning of the Hesperian Period around 3700 million years ago. [22] (Mars itself, along with the other planets, formed about 4500 million years ago.)
A 2023 study shows evidence, based on the orbital inclination of Deimos (a small moon of Mars), that Mars may once have had a ring system 3.5 billion years to 4 billion years ago. [32] This ring system may have been formed from a moon, 20 times more massive than Phobos , orbiting Mars billions of years ago; and Phobos would be a remnant of that ...