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Thirst (1886), by William-Adolphe Bouguereau. Thirst is the craving for potable fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. [1] It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as sodium.
Homeostatic feeling is a class of feelings (e.g. thirst, fatigue, pain, desire, malaise, well-being) that inform us about our physiological condition. [1] In his earlier work Antonio Damasio used " primordial feeling " but he now prefers the term "homeostatic feeling" for the class.
In a molecule, strain energy is released when the constituent atoms are allowed to rearrange themselves in a chemical reaction. [1] The external work done on an elastic member in causing it to distort from its unstressed state is transformed into strain energy which is a form of potential energy.
Adipsia, also known as hypodipsia, is a symptom of inappropriately decreased or absent feelings of thirst. [1] [2] It involves an increased osmolality or concentration of solute in the urine, which stimulates secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the hypothalamus to the kidneys.
The feeling is recorded by sensory receptors on the skin and travels to the central nervous system, where it is integrated and a decision on how to respond is made; if it is decided that a response must be made, a signal is sent back down to a muscle, which behaves appropriately according to the stimulus. [3]
In orthogonal coordinates, the elastic energy per unit volume due to strain is thus a sum of contributions: =, where is a 4th rank tensor, called the elastic tensor or stiffness tensor [3] which is a generalization of the elastic moduli of mechanical systems, and is the strain tensor (Einstein summation notation has been used to imply summation ...
In nociception, intense chemical (e.g., capsaicin present in chili pepper or cayenne pepper), mechanical (e.g., cutting, crushing), or thermal (heat and cold) stimulation of sensory neurons called nociceptors produces a signal that travels along a chain of nerve fibers via the spinal cord to the brain. [1]
Arousal is the physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception. It involves activation of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS) in the brain, which mediates wakefulness, the autonomic nervous system, and the endocrine system, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure and a condition of sensory alertness, desire ...