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This load represents a force that is much less than that required to make the lifting equipment fail or yield. The WLL is calculated by dividing MBL by a safety factor (SF). An example of this would be a chain that has a MBL of 2000 lbf (8.89 kN ) would have a SWL or WLL of 400 lbf (1.78 kN) if a safety factor of 5 (5:1, 5 to 1, or 1/5) is used.
Lifting equipment can be assigned a Working Load Limit (WLL) in the interests of avoiding failure; Working Load Limit is calculated by dividing the Minimum Breaking Load of the equipment by a safety factor. [5] WLL as a concept is not restricted to lifting, being also relevant for mooring ropes. [6]
A crane's rated load is its Safe Working Load (SWL) and the design load (DL) is, (p 90) [1] = The dynamic lift factor for offshore cranes in the range 10 kN < SWL ≤ 2500 kN is not less than =.(p 84) [1] Thus for a crane with a SWL of 2000 kN (~200 tonne) its design load is not less than, = = The minimum breaking load (MBL) for the combined capacity of reeves of a steel wire hoisting rope ...
The track and trace concept can be supported by means of reckoning and reporting of the position of vehicles and containers with the property of concern, stored, for example, in a real-time database. This approach leaves the task to compose a coherent depiction of the subsequent status reports.
International Convention on Load Lines has 8 amendments, the last one (to make the use of the III Code mandatory) is adopted on 4 December 2013 and entered into force on 28 February 2018. [ 5 ] The Protocol of 1988 relating to the LL 1966 (LL PROT 1988) has 10 amendments, the last one is from 2018, but this amendment is related only to the ...
Less-than-truckload shipping or less than load (LTL) is the transportation of an amount of freight sized between individual parcels and full truckloads. [1] Parcel carriers handle small packages and freight that can be broken down into units less than approximately 150 pounds (68 kg). Full truckload carriers move entire semi-trailers. Semi ...
Planners can also load a 40 feet container on top of two units of 20 feet container, this known as a "Russian stowage" or "mixed stowage". [21] Hatch cover clearance – Hatch cover clearance refers to how many "High Cube" (height over 8.6 ft (2.6 m)) containers allowed to load in the hold without preventing the hatch cover from closing correctly.
A full container load (FCL) [77] is an ISO standard container that is loaded and unloaded under the risk and account of one shipper and one consignee. In practice, it means that the whole container is intended for one consignee. FCL container shipment tends to have lower freight rates than an equivalent weight of cargo in bulk.