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Monkshood and other members of the genus Aconitum contain substantial amounts of the highly toxic aconitine and related alkaloids, especially in their roots and tubers. [3] As little as 2 mg of aconitine or 1 g of plant may cause death from respiratory paralysis or heart failure.
Aconitine is a C19-norditerpenoid, based on its presence of this C18 carbon. It is barely soluble in water, but very soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform or diethyl ether. [3] [4] Aconitine is also soluble in mixtures of alcohol and water if the concentration of alcohol is high enough.
Aconitum napellus, monkshood, [2] aconite, Venus' chariot or wolfsbane, is a species of highly toxic flowering plants in the genus Aconitum of the family Ranunculaceae, native and endemic to western and central Europe. It is an herbaceous perennial plant growing to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall, with hairless stems and leaves.
Monkshood root is commonly used in TCM. [55] It was once so commonly used it was called "the king of the 100 herbs". [56] [57] The monkshood plant contains what is called "the queen of poisons", the highly toxic alkaloid aconitine. [58]
Aconitine is the main alkaloid in aconite. [3] Structure. Diterpene alkaloids can be divided into two groups: The diterpene alkaloids, characterized by a C20 parent ...
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Pseudaconitine, also known as nepaline (C 36 H 51 NO 12), is an extremely toxic alkaloid found in high quantities in the roots of Aconitum ferox, also known as Indian Monkshood, which belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. The plant is found in East Asia, including the Himalayas.