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Aortic rupture is a rare, extremely dangerous condition that is considered a medical emergency. [1] The most common cause is an abdominal aortic aneurysm that has ruptured spontaneously. Aortic rupture is distinct from aortic dissection , which is a tear through the inner wall of the aorta that can block the flow of blood through the aorta to ...
The condition is difficult to detect and may go unnoticed, because many patients have no specific symptoms. Diagnosis is further complicated by the fact that many patients with the injury experienced multiple other serious injuries as well, [10] so the attention of hospital staff may be distracted from the possibility of aortic rupture. In fact ...
The condition can be mimicked by a ruptured cyst of the pericardium, [11] ruptured aortic aneurysm [10] and acute coronary syndrome. [12] Misdiagnosis is estimated at 39% and is associated with delays correct diagnosis and improper treatment with anticoagulants producing excessive bleeding and extended hospital stays. [12]
Aortic dissection must be treated quickly to increase the risk of survival. Pain. Severe pain in the chest, stomach, neck or back is the No. 1 symptom of aortic dissection.
Therefore, aortic injury is on a scale from injury to a part of the inner layer to a complete tear of all three layers. [7] There are 4 grades of aortic injury. [1] Type I: Intimal tear; Type II: Intramural hematoma; Type III: Pseudoaneurysm; Type IV: Rupture; In addition to the 4 grades of aortic injury, the risk of rupture can also be ...
Rupture may be the first sign of AAA. Once an aneurysm has ruptured, it presents with classic symptoms of abdominal pain which is severe, constant, and radiating to the back. [8] The diagnosis of an abdominal aortic aneurysm can be confirmed by the use of ultrasound. Rupture may be indicated by the presence of free fluid in the abdomen.
A ruptured aneurysm typically leads to an aortocardiac shunt and progressively worsening heart failure. [2] An aneurysm of the aortic sinus may rupture due to infective endocarditis involving the aortic wall and tertiary-stage syphilis. [citation needed] The manifestations appear depending on the site where the sinus has ruptured.
A level less than 500 ng/ml may be considered evidence against a diagnosis of aortic dissection, [1] [31] although this guideline is only applicable in cases deemed "low risk" [32] and within 24 hours of symptom onset. [33] The American Heart Association does not advise using this test in making the diagnosis, as evidence is still tentative. [34]
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