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The Calmar ratio uses a slightly modified Sterling ratio – average annual rate of return for the last 36 months divided by the maximum drawdown for the last 36 months – and calculates it on a monthly basis, instead of the Sterling ratio's yearly basis. [1] Young believed the Calmar ratio was superior because
The risk-return ratio is a measure of return in terms of risk for a specific time period. The percentage return (R) for the time period is measured in a straightforward way: The percentage return (R) for the time period is measured in a straightforward way:
He invented the ratio in 1981 when t-bills were yielding 10%. Since bills did not experience drawdowns (and a ratio of 1.0 at that time), he felt that any investment with a ratio greater than 1.0 had a better risk/reward tradeoff. The average drawdown was always averaged and entered as a positive number and then 10% was added to that value.
The Maximum Drawdown, more commonly referred to as Max DD, is the worst (the maximum) peak to valley loss since the investment’s inception. [citation needed] In finance, the use of the maximum drawdown is an indicator of risk through the use of three performance measures: the Calmar ratio, the Sterling ratio and the Burke ratio.
The Loan life cover ratio (LLCR), similarly is the ratio of the net present value of the cash flow over the scheduled life of the loan to the outstanding debt balance in the period. Other ratios of this sort include: Cash flow available for debt service [clarification needed] Drawdown cover ratio; Historic debt service cover ratio
Profitability index (PI), also known as profit investment ratio (PIR) and value investment ratio (VIR), is the ratio of payoff to investment of a proposed project.It is a useful tool for ranking projects because it allows you to quantify the amount of value created per unit of investment.
Proprietary trading (also known as prop trading) occurs when a trader trades stocks, bonds, currencies, commodities, their derivatives, or other financial instruments with the firm's own money (instead of using customer funds) to make a profit for itself. [1]
Bankruptcy prediction is the art of predicting bankruptcy and various measures of financial distress of public firms. It is a vast area of finance and accounting research. The importance of the area is due in part to the relevance for creditors and investors in evaluating the likelihood that a firm may go bankr