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The 1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak occurred from September 1998 to May 1999 in the states of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor in Malaysia. A total of 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths caused by the virus were reported in the three states throughout the outbreak. [ 1 ]
Nipah virus outbreaks have been reported in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh and India. The area is known as the Nipah Belt. The highest mortality due to Nipah virus infection was found in Bangladesh, [citation needed] where outbreaks are typically seen in winter. [24] Nipah virus was first seen in 1998 in
The Nipah virus has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category C agent. [24] Nipah virus is one of several viruses identified by WHO as a potential cause of future epidemics in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development toward new diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines.
Currently, there is no vaccine for Nipah, which spreads through contact with infected animals such as bats and pigs. (Reporting by Sriparna Roy in Bengaluru; Editing by Anil D'Silva) Show comments
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Moderna (MRNA) doses the first participant in the phase I study of its investigational mRNA vaccine, targeting the Nipah virus. It also starts a mid-stage study evaluating its Zika virus vaccine.
Tioman virus is a paramyxovirus first isolated from the urine of island fruit bats (Pteropus hypomelanus) on Tioman Island, Malaysia in 2000. The virus was discovered during efforts to identify the natural host of Nipah virus which was responsible for a large outbreak of encephalitic illness in humans and pigs in Malaysia and Singapore in 1998–99.
Since the Nipah virus outbreak in 1999, the Malaysian Health Ministry has implemented measures to better protect the population from infectious disease threats. During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak and the H5N1 (bird flu) outbreak in 2004, Malaysia demonstrated its preparedness to handle such crises.