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Vitreomacular traction syndrome (VTS) is a medical condition in the eye that is the result of tractional forces (pulling) being placed on the retina. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] VTS is common in people who have an incomplete posterior vitreous detachment, a type of retinal detachment at the periphery of the retina. [ 1 ]
If these liquid pockets are close enough to the interface between the vitreous gel and the retina, they can cause complete separation of the vitreous from the retina in a normally occurring process in older humans called posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). PVD in of itself is not dangerous and a natural process. [citation needed]
The risk of retinal detachment is the greatest in the first 6 weeks following a vitreous detachment, but can occur over 3 months after the event.. The risk of retinal tears and detachment associated with vitreous detachment is higher in patients with myopic retinal degeneration, lattice degeneration, and a familial or personal history of previous retinal tears/detachment.
Long term vitreous traction (stretching) of the retina is thought to be what is associated with the increased risk of tears to the retina or retinal detachment. [1] Under a microscope looking at the histology of a cystic retinal tuft, an increase in glial cells , breaking down of the outer retina, and a loss in photoreceptor cells is often ...
During rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, fluid from the vitreous humor enters a retinal hole. The mechanisms by which retinal holes or tears form are not fully understood yet. The accumulation of fluid in the subretinal space and the tractional force of the vitreous on the retina result in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Retinal detachment is typically painless, with symptoms often starting in the peripheral vision. [3] [9] [10] Symptoms of retinal detachment, as well as posterior vitreous detachment (which often, but not always, precedes it), may include: [3] [4] [9] [10] [12] Floaters suddenly appearing in the field of vision or a sudden increase in the ...
Vitreoretinal traction or retinal detachment cause flashes, floaters or dark shadows. [10] Sudden loss of vision may occur due to retinal artery occlusion, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment. Intravascular occlusions may be seen in optic disc vessels. [11]
Epiretinal membrane or macular pucker is a disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes.Sometimes, as a result of immune system response to protect the retina, cells converge in the macular area as the vitreous ages and pulls away in posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).