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β 2-glycoprotein 1, also known as beta-2 glycoprotein 1 and Apolipoprotein H (Apo-H), is a 38 kDa multifunctional plasma protein that in humans is encoded by the APOH gene. [5] One of its functions is to bind cardiolipin. When bound, the structure of cardiolipin and β 2-GP1 both undergo large changes in structure. [6]
In autoimmune disease, anti-apolipoprotein H (AAHA) antibodies, also called anti-β 2 glycoprotein I antibodies, comprise a subset of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant. These antibodies are involved in sclerosis and are strongly associated with thrombotic forms of lupus. [ 1 ]
β 2-glycoprotein I has been identified as apolipoprotein H and is required for the recognition of ACA in autoimmune disease. [8] Only a subset of autoimmune anti-cardiolipin antibodies bind Apo-H, these anti-apolipoprotein antibodies are associated with increased thrombosis.
Antiphospholipid syndrome is known for causing arterial or venous blood clots, in any organ system, and pregnancy-related complications.While blood clots and pregnancy complications are the most common and diagnostic symptoms associated with APS, other organs and body parts may be affected like platelet levels, heart, kidneys, brain, and skin.
567 12010 Ensembl ENSG00000166710 ENSG00000273686 ENSMUSG00000060802 UniProt P61769 P01887 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_004048 NM_009735 RefSeq (protein) NP_004039 NP_033865 Location (UCSC) Chr 15: 44.71 – 44.72 Mb Chr 2: 121.98 – 121.98 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse β 2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules have α 1, α 2, and ...
A ratio of 1.2 is commonly used, such that a value <1.2 indicates the absence of a lupus anticoagulant, while a value >1.2 indicates the presence of a lupus anticoagulant. [19] Direct oral anticoagulants and vitamin K antagonists used to treat thrombosis can interfere with lupus anticoagulant assays and generate either false-positive or false ...
In molecular biology, CD18 (Integrin beta chain-2) is an integrin beta chain protein that is encoded by the ITGB2 gene in humans. [5] Upon binding with one of a number of alpha chains, CD18 is capable of forming multiple heterodimers, which play significant roles in cellular adhesion and cell surface signaling, as well as important roles in immune responses.
Glycopeptide antibiotics are a class of drugs of microbial origin that are composed of glycosylated cyclic or polycyclic nonribosomal peptides.Significant glycopeptide antibiotics include the anti-infective antibiotics vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, ramoplanin, avoparcin and decaplanin, corbomycin, complestatin and the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin.