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The political fragmentation, represented by effective number of parties, is roughly estimated with the seat product model, [9] [10] and increases with district magnitude and assembly size. The political fragmentation tends to move towards an equilibrium, depending on the voting system. [ 11 ]
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
A party system is a concept in comparative political science concerning the system of government by political parties in a democratic country. The idea is that political parties have basic similarities: they control the government, have a stable base of mass popular support, and create internal mechanisms for controlling funding, information and nominations.
The result is a three-way, stable alliance that sometimes is called a "sub-government" because of its durability, impregnability, and power to determine policy. [19] An iron triangle relationship can result in regulatory capture, the passing of very narrow, pork-barrel policies that benefit a small segment of the population. The interests of ...
Feudal fragmentation [1] is a process whereby a feudal state is split into smaller regional state structures, each characterized by significant autonomy, if not outright independence, and ruled by a high-ranking noble such as a prince or a duke. [2] [3] Feudal fragmentation is usually associated with European history, particularly during the ...
In parliamentary democracies based on the Westminster system, political deadlock may occur when a closely-fought election returns a hung parliament (where no one party, or clear coalition of parties holds a majority); this may result in either the formation of a coalition government (if such an outcome is unusual, as in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia, but not most of mainland Europe ...
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The Madisonian model is a structure of government in which the powers of the government are separated into three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. This came about because the delegates saw the need to structure the government in such a way to prevent the imposition of tyranny by either majority or minority.