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A first linear mathematical model of second-order CP-PLL was suggested by F. Gardner in 1980. [2] A nonlinear model without the VCO overload was suggested by M. van Paemel in 1994 [3] and then refined by N. Kuznetsov et al. in 2019. [4] The closed form mathematical model of CP-PLL taking into account the VCO overload is derived in. [5]
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A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input signal. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same, thus a phase-locked loop can also track an input frequency.
Two-stage charge pump with DC voltage supply and a pump control signal S 0 Dickson charge pump with diodes Dickson charge pump with MOSFETs PLL charge pump. A charge pump is a kind of DC-to-DC converter that uses capacitors for energetic charge storage to raise or lower voltage. Charge-pump circuits are capable of high efficiencies, sometimes ...
Floyd M. Gardner introduced "a lock-in range concept" for PLLs and posed the problem on its formalization (known as the Gardner problem on the lock-in range [5] [6]).In the 1st edition of his book he introduced a lock-in frequency concept for the PLL in the following way: [1]: 40 "If, for some reason, the frequency difference between input and VCO is less than the loop bandwidth, the loop will ...
The delay line avoids a dead band. On the right is a charge pump with a filter at its output. A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs. The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked ...
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