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Type approval or certificate of conformity is granted to a product that meets a minimum set of regulatory, technical and safety requirements. Generally, type approval is required before a product is allowed to be sold in a particular country, so the requirements for a given product will vary around the world.
An IPC standard has recently been developed and published to facilitate this data exchange, IPC-1752. [11] It is enabled through two PDF forms that are free to use. RoHS applies to these products in the EU whether made within the EU or imported. Certain exemptions apply, and these are updated on occasion by the EU.
China RoHS II expanded the product scope of China RoHS I from Electronic Information Products (EIP) to Electrical and Electronic Products (EEP). [2] Products listed in the EEP Catalogue must comply with hazardous substance restriction limits for lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated ...
Weighing up expenditure versus profit has always been a significant issue, with the estimated cost of compliance being around €5 billion over 11 years, and the assumed health benefits of saved billions of euro in healthcare costs. [13] However, there have been different studies on the estimated cost which vary considerably in the outcome.
The RoHS Directive set restrictions upon European manufacturers as to the material content of new electronic equipment placed on the market. The symbol adopted by the European Council to represent waste electrical and electronic equipment comprises a crossed-out wheelie bin with or without a single black line underneath the symbol.
HTML is the most used and open international standard and it is also used as document file format. It has also become ISO / IEC standard (ISO 15445:2000). The default binary file format used by Microsoft Word ( .doc ) has become widespread de facto standard for office documents, but it is a proprietary format and is not always fully supported ...
[11] Debate continues over the distinction between " commodity " and "waste" electronics definitions. Some exporters are accused of deliberately leaving difficult-to-recycle, obsolete, or non-repairable equipment mixed in loads of working equipment (though this may also come through ignorance, or to avoid more costly treatment processes).
The RoHS directives in the European Community required many new electronic circuit boards to be lead-free by 1 July 2006, mostly in the consumer goods industry, but in some others as well. In Japan, lead was phased out prior to legislation by manufacturers, due to the additional expense in recycling products containing lead.